In which scenario is personal information NOT protected under the Data Privacy Act?

Personal information is defined under the Data Privacy Act as any information that can be used to identify an individual. Protection under the Act typically applies to various entities processing this information, including individuals, companies, and organizations.

In the scenario where processing is conducted by an unincorporated entity with no central management in the Philippines, it's likely that such entities may not fall under the jurisdiction of the Data Privacy Act, particularly if they fail to meet specific organizational criteria or thresholds established by the Act. This means that the legal obligations and protections laid out in the Act may not be applicable, thereby leaving the associated personal data unprotected.

In contrast, other scenarios, such as processing personal information for academic research, marketing purposes, or employment records, typically involve identifiable individuals whose data is considered sensitive under the Act. These activities must comply with the provisions set forth by the Data Privacy Act, ensuring that adequate protection mechanisms are in place regardless of the context in which data is processed.